ion antonescu

Na de oorlog werd hij geëxecuteerd. Na de oorlog werd hij geëxecuteerd. According to Kelso and Ornea, Antonescu was turned down by all political forces except the Iron Guard. [237] However, various other researchers assess that, by aligning himself with Hitler before and during Operation Barbarossa, Antonescu implicitly agreed with his thoughts on the "Jewish Question", choosing racial over religious antisemitism. World War 2 awards, Antonescu, Ion Victor.

[285][489] On similar grounds, the Soviet occupation forces organized the capture of certain Romanian citizens, as well as the return of war refugees from Romania proper into Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

[149] By then, Antonescu was conceiving of a separate peace with the Western Allies,[149][173] while maintaining contacts with the Soviets. [92][363] Antonescu is quoted saying that the Romanian Army's criminal acts were "reprisals, not massacres". This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. [147] Antonescu's planned that once the war against the Soviet Union was won to invade Hungary to take back Transylvania and Bulgaria to take back the Dobruja with Antonescu being especially keen on the former.

[483] Several thousand adherents of the Pentecostal Union and the Baptist Union were reportedly jailed in compliance with his orders. "[223] Antonescu's ideological perspective blended national sentiment with generically Christian and particularly Romanian Orthodox traits.

Verkrijgbaar in het Nederlands, Engels, Spaans, Portugees, Japans, Chinees, Frans, Duits, Italiaans, Pools, Russisch, Arabisch, Hindi, Zweeds, Oekraïens, Hongaars, Catalaans, Tsjechisch, Hebreeuws, Deens, Fins, Indonesisch, Noors, Roemeense, Turks, Vietnamees, Koreaans, Thais, Grieks, Bulgaars, Kroatisch, Slowaaks, Litouws, Filipino, Lets, Ests en Sloveens. This began in 1945, when Jewish journalists Marius Mircu and Maier Rudrich contributed first-hand testimonies. [92][330] Romanian authorities subsequently introduced ghettos or transit camps. Lettris is a curious tetris-clone game where all the bricks have the same square shape but different content. The booklet advocated extension of Romanian rule beyond the confines of Greater Romania, and recommended, at the risk of war with the emerging Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the annexation of all Banat areas and the Timok Valley.

Studiu de caz: arestarea conducerii Mișcării Legionare", "Serialul 'Ion Antonescu și asumarea istoriei' (2)", "Serialul 'Ion Antonescu și asumarea istoriei' (3)", Até o fim: Os últimos dias de Hitler contados por sua secretária, "King Carol II and the Myth of Eternal Romania", "Moldova critică reabilitarea parțială a lui Antonescu", "Jehovah's Witnesses in East Central, South Eastern and Southern Europe. [149][165] In early 1943, Antonescu authorized his diplomats to contact British and American diplomats in Portugal and Switzerland to see if were possible for Romania to sign an armistice with the Western powers. Van 1940 tot 1944 was hij premier van Roemenië.

○   Wildcard, crossword It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer). [92][343], Also in the summer of 1942, Ion Antonescu became a perpetrator of the Porajmos, or Holocaust-related crimes against the Romani people, when he ordered the Transnistrian deportation of Romanian Romani from the Old Kingdom, transited through camps and resettled in inhumane conditions near the Southern Bug. "[63] "Para-fascist" is also used by Griffin, to denote both Antonescu and Carol II. fase 2 (januari 1941-augustus 1944): Deze periode werd gekenmerkt door de uitschakeling van de IJzeren Garde en door een soort (schijn) gematigdheid. 291, 297, Deletant, pp. [517] Centred on the Iași pogrom, it shifted the blame from Romanian authorities and advanced a drastically reduced death toll. Na de oorlog werd hij geëxecuteerd.

According to Achim (pp.167–170, 179, 182–183, 185) and Deletant (pp.189–190), the measures reflected Antonescu's views on "social problems" more than a racist perspective. Gezien op 9 januari 2017. [5] The latter group had been revived under the leadership of Horia Sima, and was organizing a coup d'état. [312] Varied estimates of the Iași massacre and related killings place the total number of Jews killed at 8,000,[313] 10,000,[314] 12,000 or 14,000. Antonescu vormde daarop een 'nationaal-legionaire' regering, waar ook de IJzeren Garde van Horia Sima deel van uitmaakte. [92][339] Manned by Romanian Gendarmes and local Ukrainian auxiliaries who acted with the consent of central authorities, Transnistrian localities became the sites of mass executions, particularly after the administrators became worried about the spread of typhus from the camps and into the surrounding region. After entering Romania into an alliance with Nazi Germany and ensuring Adolf Hitler's confidence, he eliminated the Guard during the Legionary Rebellion of 1941. Find A Grave, Ion Victor Antonescu. Antonescu believed that the original explosion was a terrorist act, rejecting the possibility of the building in question having been fitted with land mines by the retreating Soviets. [149] In parallel, Hitler reactivated the Iron Guardist exile, creating a Sima-led government in exile that did not survive the war's end in Europe. Reflecting back on this phenomenon in 2004, Maria Bucur wrote: "the perverse image of Antonescu is not the product of a propaganda campaign led by right-wing extremists, but a pervasive myth fed by historical debates and political contests, and which the public seems indifferent to or accepts unproblematically. After becoming the first Romanian to be granted the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, which he received from Hitler at their August 6 meeting in the Ukrainian city of Berdychiv, Ion Antonescu was promoted to Marshal of Romania by royal decree on August 22, in recognition for his role in restoring the eastern frontiers of Greater Romania. [5][579] Among those directly involved in this process were Iosif Constantin Drăgan,[562][580] the nationalist Mayor of Cluj-Napoca, Gheorghe Funar,[581] and General Mircea Chelaru, whose resignation from the Army was subsequently requested and obtained. [28], Soon afterward, Călinescu, acting on indications from the monarch, arrested Codreanu and prosecuted him in two successive trials. 21, 24, 26, 131, 139–140, 318; Veiga, pp.

[450] While Romania and the United States were still at peace, American Minister Plenipotentiary Franklin Mott Gunther repeatedly attempted to make his superiors aware of Romanian actions against the Jews,[451] and Turkish diplomats unsuccessfully sought American approval for transferring Romanian Jews to safe passage through Anatolia and into Palestine. Met hem werden nog drie medestanders geëxecuteerd, an offensive content(racist, pornographic, injurious, etc. [245] After the Battle of Stalingrad, he encouraged the army commanders to resist the counteroffensive, as otherwise the Soviets "will bring Bolshevism to the country, wipe out the entire leadership stratum, impose the Jews on us, and deport masses of our people.


The Fate of a Religious Minority (book reviews)", "Reabilitarea numelui mareșalului Antonescu, respinsă", "Pentru Chișinău, Antonescu ramîne criminal de război", "Rusia îl consideră pe Antonescu criminal de război", "Bătălie în justiție pe vila de un milion de euro din Predeal a mareșalului Antonescu", "Johansson Worried by Romanian Racist Antics", "In tara cu noua strazi care poarta numele lui Antonescu, Guvernul tace o saptamana in cazul distrugerii cimitirului evreiesc din Husi", "The Marshals as Key Symbols of the Romanian – Finnish Cooperation during World War II", International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania, " 'A New Greater Romania'?

Reeds voor de Tweede Wereldoorlog was hij een bewonderaar van het Duitse nationaalsocialisme en het Italiaanse fascisme. 65 relaties. [528] Certain neofascist groups claim to represent a legacy of Codrenism from which Sima was a deviationist, and these have also become Antonescu apologists. [371] Official Romanian estimates made in 2003 by the Wiesel Commission mention that between 280,000 and 380,000 Jews were killed by Romanian authorities under Antonescu's rule. When Carol proved reluctant to make Antonescu Prime Minister, Pop visited the German legation to meet with Fabricius on the night of 4 September 1940 to ask that the German minister phone Carol to tell him that the Reich wanted Antonescu as Prime Minister, and Fabricius's promptly did just that. [399] In conversations with his cabinet, the Conducător angrily maintained that surviving Jews were better off than Romanian soldiers. [92] In Odessa itself, the aftermath included a large-scale massacre of the Jewish population, ordered by the Marshal as retaliation for a bombing which killed a number of Romanian officers and soldiers (General Ioan Glogojeanu among them). [98] Antonescu completely accepted Hitler's ideas about Operation Barbarossa as a "race war" between the Aryans, represented by the Nordic Germans and Latin Romanians on the Axis side vs. the Slavs and Asians, commanded by the Jews on the Soviet side.
[200] Political humor of the 1940s preserved distinct images of the Romanian leader. [110] Such close contacts helped cement an enduring relationship between the two dictators, and Hitler reportedly came to see Antonescu as the only trustworthy person in Romania,[5][111] and the only foreigner to consult on military matters.

[5][149][561] After that moment, public displays of support for Antonescu became illegal.

[469] An Iron Guardist underground was nevertheless formed locally, and probably numbered in thousands. Ion Antonescu (Pitești, 15 juni 1882 – Boekarest, 1 juni 1946) was een Roemeense maarschalk en fascistisch politicus.

62, 92, 275, Ornea, pp. Na deze vernederingen besloot Antonescu om in te grijpen. Na de omwenteling van 1989, waarbij Nicolae Ceaușescu ten val kwam, kreeg Antonescu een soort heldenstatus omdat hij tegen de Russen, en dus ook tegen het communisme gevochten had.

[26][27] On Carol's request, he had earlier asked the Guard's leader to consider an alliance with the king, which Codreanu promptly refused in favour of negotiations with Goga, coupled with claims that he was not interested in political battles, an attitude supposedly induced by Antonescu himself. [506] Historians who focused on this period believe that the revival of nationalist tenets and the relative distance taken from Soviet policies contributed to the rehabilitation process. ), Michelle Kelso, "Gypsy Deportations from Romania to Transnistria, 1942–44", in. [106] The Guardists were detained in special conditions at Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps.

Het is gratis te gebruiken en elk artikel of document kan worden gedownload. [337] With its own Jewish population confined and subjected to extermination,[92][338] Transnistria became infamous in short time, especially so for its three main concentration camps: Peciora, Akhmechetka, Bogdanovka, Domanovka and Obodovka. Ion Antonescu maakte snel carrière maar viel in ongenade bij koning Carol II door zijn pro-Duitse houding.

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